Israel - A Country Study

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Index Page

  • COUNTRY PROFILE
  • GEOGRAPHY
  • SOCIETY
  • ECONOMY
  • TRANSPORTATION AND COMMUNICATIONS
  • GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS
  • NATIONAL SECURITY
  • Introduction
  • CHAPTER 1. Historical Setting
  • ANCIENT ISRAEL
  • HELLENISM AND THE ROMAN CONQUEST
  • PALESTINE BETWEEN THE ROMANS AND MODERN TIMES
  • ORIGINS OF ZIONISM
  • Zionist Precursors
  • Political Zionism
  • Cultural Zionism
  • Labor Zionism
  • Revisionist Zionism
  • EVENTS IN PALESTINE, 1908-48
  • World War I: Diplomacy and Intrigue
  • The Arab Community During the Mandate
  • The Jewish Community under the Mandate
  • The Palestinian Revolt, 1936-39
  • World War II and Zionism
  • The Holocaust
  • Prelude to Statehood
  • PROBLEMS OF THE NEW STATE, 1948-67
  • Ingathering of the Exiles
  • Israeli Arabs, Arab Land, and Arab Refugees
  • The Emergence of the IDF
  • 1967 AND AFTERWARD
  • The War of Attrition
  • The October 1973 War
  • The Decline of the Labor Party
  • Oriental Jews
  • THE BEGIN ERA
  • The Peace Process
  • The Occupied Territories
  • Israeli Action in Lebanon, 1978-82
  • CHAPTER 2. The Society and Its Environment
  • GEOGRAPHY
  • Topography
  • Climate
  • POPULATION
  • SOCIAL STRUCTURE
  • Varieties of Israeli Judaism
  • Orthodox Judaism
  • Non-Orthodox Judaism
  • The Role of Judaism
  • Judaism, Civil Religion, and the "New Zionism"
  • Religious Institutions
  • The "Who Is a Jew?" Controversy
  • The Orthodox-Secular Cleavage
  • Jewish Ethnic Groups
  • The Ashkenazi-Oriental Distinction
  • The Second Israel
  • Ethnicity and Social Class
  • Minority Groups
  • The Druzes
  • The Arab-Jewish Cleavage
  • Distinctive Social Institutions
  • The Histadrut
  • Kibbutz and Moshav
  • The Ulpan and Merkaz Klita
  • EDUCATION
  • Higher Education
  • Youth Movements and Organizations
  • HEALTH
  • WELFARE
  • CHAPTER 3. The Economy
  • OVERVIEW OF THE 1948-72 PERIOD
  • ECONOMIC GROWTH AND STRUCTURAL CHANGE
  • Slowdown of Economic Growth
  • Changes in Investment Patterns
  • Changes in Industrial Structure
  • Changes in Labor Force
  • THE PUBLIC SECTOR
  • Government Budget
  • Provision of Civilian Services
  • Provision of Defense Services
  • Taxation
  • INDUSTRY
  • Electronics
  • Biotechnology
  • Diamonds
  • Chemicals, Rubber, and Plastics
  • Clothing and Textiles
  • Construction
  • Tourism
  • Energy
  • AGRICULTURE
  • FINANCIAL SERVICES
  • TRANSPORTATION AND COMMUNICATIONS
  • FOREIGN TRADE
  • BALANCE OF PAYMENTS
  • THE ECONOMIC STABILIZATION PROGRAM OF JULY 1985
  • CHAPTER 4. Government and Politics
  • THE CONSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
  • GOVERNMENT
  • The Cabinet
  • The Civil Service
  • The Knesset
  • The State Comptroller
  • The Judicial System
  • Local Government
  • Civilian Administration in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip
  • NATIONAL INSTITUTIONS
  • World Zionist Organization and the Jewish Agency
  • Histadrut
  • POLITICAL FRAMEWORK: ELITE, VALUES, AND ORIENTATIONS
  • MULTIPARTY SYSTEM
  • Alignment Parties
  • Mapam
  • Citizens' Rights Movement (CRM)
  • Shinui (Change)
  • The Likud Bloc
  • Religious Parties
  • National Religious Party
  • Agudat Israel
  • Shas
  • Central Religious Camp
  • Extraparliamentary Religio-Nationalist Movements
  • Arab Parties
  • Interest Groups
  • PROSPECTS FOR ELECTORAL REFORM
  • CIVIL-MILITARY RELATIONS
  • FOREIGN RELATIONS
  • Relations with Middle Eastern States
  • Jordan
  • Morocco
  • Iran
  • Relations with the United States
  • Relations with the Soviet Union
  • Relations with Eastern Europe
  • Relations with Western Europe
  • Relations with African States
  • Relations with Asian States
  • Relations with Latin America
  • COMMUNICATIONS MEDIA
  • CHAPTER 5. National Security
  • SECURITY: A PERSISTENT NATIONAL CONCERN
  • War of Independence
  • 1956 War
  • June 1967 War
  • October 1973 War
  • 1982 Invasion of Lebanon
  • The Siege of Beirut and Its Aftermath
  • CONCEPTS OF NATIONAL SECURITY
  • Dormant War
  • Extensive Threat
  • Strategic Depth
  • Potential Causes of War
  • Nuclear and Conventional Deterrents
  • Autonomy
  • INTERNATIONAL AND DOMESTIC SECURITY CONCERNS
  • Palestinian Terrorist Groups
  • Jewish Terrorist Organizations
  • THE ISRAEL DEFENSE FORCES
  • Ground Forces
  • Navy
  • Air Force
  • Nahal
  • Gadna
  • Conscription
  • Women in the IDF
  • Reserve Duty
  • Training
  • Minorities in the IDF
  • Pay and Benefits
  • Rank, Insignia, and Uniforms
  • Awards and Decorations
  • Discipline and Military Justice
  • THE IDF IN THE OCCUPIED TERRITORIES
  • Military Government
  • Palestinian Uprising, December 1987-
  • ARMED FORCES AND SOCIETY
  • The IDF as a Socializing Factor
  • The Military in Political Life
  • DEFENSE PRODUCTION AND SALES
  • Defense Industries
  • Nuclear Weapons Potential
  • Foreign Military Sales and Assistance
  • MILITARY COOPERATION WITH THE UNITED STATES
  • THE ISRAEL POLICE
  • Subordinate Forces
  • Police Reform
  • INTELLIGENCE SERVICES
  • Mossad
  • Aman
  • Shin Bet
  • Lekem
  • CRIMINAL JUSTICE
  • Judicial System
  • Criminal Justice in the Occupied Territories
  • Penal System

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