Railroads: Standard gauge routes totaled 24,287 kilometers 1990, of total 26,644 kilometers in state network. Some 11,016 kilometers electrified. Locomotive fleet about 55 percent diesel, 41 percent electric, and 4 percent steam 1990. Substantial modernization planned for 1990s.

Roads and Road Transport: Of 363,116 kilometers of roads 1991, 159,000 kilometers hard surface and 257 kilometers motorway. Bus routes totaling 121,000 kilometers carried 2.6 million passengers 1989. Passenger cars 4.85 million, trucks 977,000 in 1989. Irregularities in petroleum import restrained road transport periodically in 1980s, early 1990s.

Pipelines: In 1987, operational domestic pipeline 6,846 kilometers, carrying crude oil, natural gas, and refined products. Druzhba Pipeline major source of crude oil from Russia.

Inland Waterways: About 4,000 kilometers navigable by regular transport services, 1989. Main systems Vistula (60 percent) and Oder rivers, connected by Kanal Bydgoski in northcentral Poland. Total canal network 1,215 kilometers. Major inland ports Gliwice, Warsaw, and Wroclaw. Inland waterways carried 3.8 million passengers, 9.8 million tons of freight in 1990. Some 69 passenger vessels, 1,380 barges in use 1989.

Ports and Shipping: Four large Baltic harbors: Gdynia, Gdansk, Swinoujscie, and Szczecin. In 1989 merchant fleet had 249 ships, total displacement 4 million deadweight tons, including 16 over 30,000 tons. Regular lines to London, Asian ports, Australia, and some African and Latin American countries.

Civil Aviation: State-owned Polish Airlines (LOT) operated nine internal, thirty-four international routes 1990, using Soviet- and United States-made aircraft. Fleet renovation began 1990. At Okecie International Airport (Warsaw), largest airport, new terminal scheduled 1992. Eighty of 140 airports had hard-surface runways 1989.

Data as of October 1992