Indonesia - A Country Study

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Index Page

  • COUNTRY PROFILE
  • GEOGRAPHY
  • SOCIETY
  • ECONOMY
  • TRANSPORTATION AND COMMUNICATIONS
  • GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS
  • NATIONAL SECURITY
  • Introduction
  • Chapter 1. Historical Setting
  • EARLY HISTORY
  • The Spread of Indian Civilization
  • Indianized Empires
  • THE COMING OF ISLAM
  • EUROPEAN INTRUSIONS
  • The United East India Company
  • The Dutch on Java, 1619-1755
  • VOC Bankruptcy and the British Occupation
  • THE NETHERLANDS INDIES EMPIRE
  • The Java War and Cultivation System
  • Dutch Expansion in Sumatra and the Eastern Archipelago
  • Colonial Economy and Society, 1870-1940
  • THE GROWTH OF NATIONAL CONSCIOUSNESS
  • The Ethical Policy
  • Early Political Movements
  • Sukarno and the Nationalist Movement
  • WORLD WAR II AND THE STRUGGLE FOR INDEPENDENCE, 1942-50
  • The National Revolution, 1945-50
  • INDEPENDENCE: THE FIRST PHASES, 1950-65
  • Guided Democracy
  • Years of Living Dangerously
  • Sukarno's Foreign Policy
  • The Coup and its Aftermath
  • THE NEW ORDER UNDER SUHARTO
  • The State and Economic Development
  • The Pancasila and Political Parties
  • Territorial Continuity: Irian Jaya and East Timor
  • Foreign Policy under Suharto
  • Chapter 2. The Society and Its Environment
  • THE GEOGRAPHIC CONTEXT
  • Geographic Regions
  • Climate
  • Environmental Concerns
  • National Territory: Rights and Responsibilities
  • THE EMERGING FRAMEWORK FOR THE INDONESIAN NATION
  • Urbanization
  • Migration
  • SOCIAL CLASSES
  • RELIGION AND WORLDVIEW
  • Islam
  • Christianity
  • Hinduism
  • Buddhism
  • THE EMERGING NATIONAL CULTURE
  • Language
  • Food, Clothing, and Popular Culture
  • SOURCES OF LOCAL IDENTIFICATION
  • Javanese
  • Sundanese
  • Balinese
  • Peoples of Sumatra
  • Acehnese
  • Batak
  • Minangkabau
  • Ethnic Minorities
  • Toraja
  • Dayak
  • Weyewa
  • Tanimbarese
  • Asmat
  • Chinese
  • EDUCATION
  • Primary and Secondary Education
  • Islamic Schools
  • Higher Education
  • HEALTH
  • Government Support
  • Traditional and Modern Health Practices
  • Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
  • Pharmaceuticals
  • Public Sanitation
  • Chapter 3. The Economy
  • ROLE OF GOVERNMENT
  • The Politics of Economic Reform
  • Financial Reform
  • Trade and Industrial Reform
  • GOVERNMENT FINANCE
  • Monetary and Exchange Rate Policy
  • FOREIGN AID, TRADE, AND PAYMENTS
  • Direction of Trade
  • EMPLOYMENT AND INCOME
  • AGRICULTURE
  • Land Use and Ownership
  • Economic Benefits and the Transmigration Program
  • Food Crops
  • Corn and other Food Crops
  • Estate Crops
  • Livestock
  • Fishing
  • Forestry
  • INDUSTRY
  • Foreign Inputs
  • Small-scale Industry
  • Regional Industrial Development
  • MINERALS
  • Petroleum, Liquefied Natural Gas, and Coal
  • Liquefied Natural Gas
  • Coal
  • Other Minerals
  • Nickel
  • Copper
  • Gold
  • Bauxite
  • INFRASTRUCTURE AND SERVICES
  • Transportation
  • Shipping
  • Civil Aviation
  • Railroads
  • Post and Telecommunications
  • Electric Power
  • Chapter 4. Government and Politics
  • THE POLITICAL DEBATE
  • THE CONSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
  • THE STRUCTURE OF GOVERNMENT
  • Legislative Bodies
  • House of People's Representatives (DPR)
  • The Executive
  • The Cabinet
  • The Supreme Advisory Council and the State Audit Board
  • The Judiciary
  • Local Government
  • Aceh
  • Irian Jaya
  • East Timor
  • POLITICAL CULTURE
  • Traditional Political Culture
  • Islamic Political Culture
  • Modern Political Culture
  • Pancasila: The State Ideology
  • THE POLITICAL PROCESS
  • Political Parties
  • Golkar
  • United Development Party (PPP)
  • Indonesian Democratic Party (PDI)
  • Elections
  • Political Dynamics
  • Islam
  • ABRI
  • Nongovernment Organizations (NGOs)
  • THE MEDIA
  • FOREIGN POLICY
  • Human Rights and Foreign Policy
  • Participation in ASEAN
  • Indonesia, ASEAN, and the Third Indochina War
  • Relations with Neighboring Nations
  • Papua New Guinea
  • Singapore and Malaysia
  • Australia
  • The Philippines
  • Relations with East Asia
  • Japan
  • Relations with the United States
  • Chapter 5. National Security
  • THE PURSUIT OF PUBLIC ORDER
  • HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
  • THE ARMED FORCES IN THE NATIONAL LIFE
  • Political and Administrative Role
  • Participation in the Economy
  • National Defense and Internal Security
  • East Timor
  • Southeast Asia
  • Defense Spending and Defense Industry
  • Personnel
  • Leadership Transition
  • ORGANIZATION AND EQUIPMENT OF THE ARMED FORCES
  • Military Education
  • The Army
  • The Navy
  • The Air Force
  • The National Police
  • Conditions of Service
  • Women in the Armed Forces
  • Uniforms, Ranks, and Insignia
  • FOREIGN MILITARY RELATIONS
  • SECURITY AND INTELLIGENCE AGENCIES
  • THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM
  • Crime and Political Offenses
  • Criminal Law
  • The Administration of Criminal Justice
  • The Penal System
  • Narcotics and Counternarcotics Operations

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